What Is in the SAT Test?

The SAT is a standardized college admissions exam used by universities across the United States and internationally. But what exactly is in the SAT test? In this guide, we’ll break down every section, explain the types of questions you’ll encounter, and provide an overview of how the test is scored and timed.

1. Overview of the SAT Structure

The SAT is divided into two main sections:

  • Evidence-Based Reading and Writing (EBRW)
  • Math

Each of these is worth up to 800 points, making the highest possible composite score 1600. The optional Essay section was discontinued in 2021, so it no longer appears on the SAT.

2. Total Duration and Section Timing

The digital SAT, launched globally in 2024, is shorter than the old paper version. Here's how time is allocated:

  • Total testing time: Approximately 2 hours and 14 minutes
  • Reading and Writing section: 64 minutes
  • Math section: 70 minutes

Each section is further divided into two modules. The digital format is adaptive, meaning your performance on the first module influences the difficulty of the second.

3. Evidence-Based Reading and Writing (EBRW)

This section tests your ability to comprehend texts, analyze arguments, understand vocabulary in context, and edit for grammar and clarity. The EBRW section now combines reading and writing into a single section, featuring:

  • Reading comprehension (literary and informational texts)
  • Vocabulary-in-context questions
  • Sentence structure and grammar revision
  • Rhetorical effectiveness (transition words, tone, etc.)

Each question is based on a short passage—much shorter than the older SAT format—with one question per passage.

4. Math Section

The Math section focuses on reasoning, problem solving, and algebraic thinking. You’re allowed to use a calculator on the entire Math section, and the built-in Desmos-style graphing calculator is provided in the Bluebook testing app. Math topics include:

  • Algebra: Linear equations, inequalities, systems of equations
  • Advanced Math: Quadratics, functions, polynomial expressions
  • Problem-Solving and Data Analysis: Ratios, percentages, graphs, and data interpretation
  • Geometry and Trigonometry: Area, volume, angles, and basic trig identities

Questions include multiple-choice and student-produced responses (grid-ins).

5. Adaptive Testing Explained

The new digital SAT uses multistage adaptive testing. Here's what that means:

  • Each section (Reading & Writing, and Math) has two modules.
  • Everyone gets the same first module.
  • Based on your performance, the second module will be easier or harder.
  • This adaptive model increases precision and shortens test length without sacrificing score reliability.

6. Types of Questions You’ll See

Reading & Writing Questions:

  • Main idea and supporting evidence
  • Vocabulary in context
  • Grammar correction (punctuation, verb tense, etc.)
  • Logical structure and transitions

Math Questions:

  • Linear and nonlinear equations
  • Word problems and data analysis
  • Graphs, functions, and geometry
  • Grid-in math (where you provide your own numeric answer)

7. Scoring System

You’ll receive two section scores:

  • Math: 200–800
  • Reading & Writing: 200–800

These are added together to calculate your composite score out of 1600. You’ll also receive subscores for specific skill categories and percentile rankings that show how you compare to other students.

8. Digital SAT Tools and Interface

The new SAT is taken via the Bluebook app on an approved device (student’s own or school-provided). Key features include:

  • Built-in graphing calculator
  • Countdown timer with alerts
  • Question flagging for review
  • Highlighting and annotation tools

All responses are saved securely, and the platform is designed to work even with intermittent internet loss.

9. No More Essay or Subject Tests

The SAT Essay section was officially discontinued in 2021. Subject Tests (like SAT Biology or Physics) were also retired. The SAT now focuses entirely on core college readiness: reading comprehension, writing skills, and math ability.

10. Final Thoughts

The SAT may have changed over the years, but its core purpose remains: to assess your readiness for college-level work. By understanding what’s in the test, you can build a focused prep plan and walk into test day with clarity and confidence. For a deeper dive into how to study effectively, check out our SAT Study Guide.